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A bone marrow transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, is a medical procedure that replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside your bones that produces blood cells. A bone marrow transplant may be used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer, blood disorders, and immune deficiencies.
Here are three common reasons why a patient might need a bone marrow transplant:
To replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow: This can be caused by diseases like leukemia, aplastic anemia, or lymphoma, or by treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. In these cases, the bone marrow is no longer able to produce enough healthy blood cells, which can lead to life-threatening complications. A bone marrow transplant can provide the patient with new, healthy bone marrow that can produce the blood cells they need.
To replace bone marrow that is not producing enough healthy blood cells: This can be caused by diseases like myelodysplastic syndrome or thalassemia. In these cases, the bone marrow is still producing some blood cells, but not enough to meet the body's needs. A bone marrow transplant can provide the patient with new bone marrow that can produce more healthy blood cells.
To provide new stem cells that can help fight cancer cells: This is often used in the treatment of leukemia and other cancers. In these cases, the goal of the transplant is to provide the patient with new immune cells that can recognize and attack cancer cells. This can help to improve the patient's chances of survival.
Bone marrow transplants are a complex medical procedure, and the decision to undergo a transplant is a serious one. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of a bone marrow transplant with your doctor before making a decision.
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